This paper deals with threats to innovational security as one of the spheres of economic security of a region. The main threats are highlighted as follows: inadequate funding for research and technological development, low competitiveness of scientific and technical developments in world markets and low legal protection in the field of scientific research. Calculation results of science and technology (innovations), economic security of the subjects of the Urals Federal District for the period 2000-2010 are presented and described. Methodological tools developed by Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the diagnosis of innovative security regions of the Russian Federation have been tested and improved.

The paper considers the issues of region’s economic security. Threat characterization of economic security and their influence in terms of 13 life domains is presented. Innovation factor and its contribution into modern economic growth is given. The author defines “innovation security of territorial subdivision” placing emphasis on the innovation society emergency with multi-vector socially oriented economy. It provides world’s standards of life quality and life environment, development of innovation effective economy, with science and engineering progress to result from a certain level of innovation culture providing economic security. The relations of innovation security and innovation culture are considered as one of many life domains of region’s security.