In this paper the basic directions and actions under the priority National project "Health" are considered. An emphasis on the analysis of a current condition of public health services is made; prospects of realization of the national project in territory of the Ural Federal District in a cut of its subjects are noted. A number of already lead actions within the limits of the National project "Health", in particular, introduction advanced is in detail shined

In article concepts of «the family economy» and «the mother’s labor», their place in the system of division of public reproductive labor reveals. On the basis of the data of some concrete sociological researches, authors analyze social and economic motives of demographic behavior of young mothers in the Ural. Their attitude to «the mother’s capital» as to the factor of the decision of demographic problems in region is shown.