This paper deals with current socio-ecological situation in the field of traditional nature management in Yamal region of Yamal-Nenets autonomous district that takes place against a background of industrial development of hydrocarbon deposits. The emergence of critical situations in the main branches of traditional nature management — reindeer herding and fishery is demonstrated. In reindeer herding the situation is critical mainly due to internal factors — as a result of actions of the Nenets themselves, with their unbridled desire to breed reindeer. Industrial development only exacerbates the problem but is not its main cause.In the fishery, the crisis is caused by external factors — commercial demand when low-control illegal fishing has led to an increase of loads on fish supplies. Strict dependence of indigenous people from biological resources poses a real threat to their existence as an ethnic group.

In the article, the problem of development of oil and gas resources and consequence of this process for ecosystems of subarea of the northern subarctic tundra is considered in the example of the Yamal peninsula. These estimates of the main environment-forming and production (resource) functions of tundra natural and territorial complexes in a zone of active development of Bovanenkovsky oil-gas condensate field (OGCF) are presented. Recommendations for the integrated assessment of economic damage from the harm to subarctic ecosystems made by technogenic influence are introduced. The assessment of damage is based on the decrease in economic value of the natural capacity of the territory in the allocated ecological zones (troublesome zone of natural complexes), which development are defined by the stability of ecosystems and intensity of technogenic loadings. Results of an assessment of economic damage to conditions of development of Bovanenkovsky OGCF are given. Results of economic damage assessment for the development conditions of Bovanenkovsky OGCF are given.