The article summarizes the author's many years of research on the problems of fiscal federalism in enhancing socio-economic development of regions. The peculiarities of the budget planning, resulting innovations to redistribute revenue powers and expenditure responsibilities between regions and the center. A three-level model of the regional budget planning and regulation of inter-budgetary relations, based on the use of cluster and regression analysis. The results of scenario calculations and forecasting of tax revenues of the consolidated budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan.