The scientific substantiation of accommodation of an agricultural production of territorial divisions of region is a complex social-economic problem. The decision of this problem demands definition market-oriented criteria of an optimality. The author considers three criteria of optimality: maximum of profit; maximum of gross output without production costs and costs for soil fertility simple reproduction; maximum of marginal income. Conclusion is drawn that the best criterion of optimization of production is the maximum the marginal income (the marginal income without constant costs), which will raise economic and ecological efficiency of an agricultural production at all management levels. As a result of agricultural production optimization the Republic Bashkortostan will become self-provided and taking out (foodstuffs) region of Russia. In this case the republic is capable to provide with food substances (protein, carbohydrates and etc.) 5.8 – 6.5 million person. It exceeds a population of republic on 40 – 60 %.

Stabilization and further development of agricultural production in the industrially developed regions is considered as a basis for preservation of rural settlements. For various reasons (difficult environment conditions, price disparity, organization factors, etc.) the produce of local agricultural producers is less competitive which leads to their losing of share at the food market and, primarily, the one of dairy products. In view of this, the present study considers feasibility of developing the regional target-oriented program for competitive recovery of produce using competitive advantages available in the agricultural sector of the region.