The subject of the investigation is social and economic aspects of the threat of HIV/AIDS in the Russian Federation. The investigation was aimed at improving socio-economic monitoring of the HIV/AIDS threat. The methodology of systemic analysis and statistical methods were used. Three main sections of socio-economic monitoring of HIV/AIDS were defined with their problems, challenges and areas for improvement. Results of the study are applicable in justifying and shaping public policy to counter the threat of HIV/AIDS. Planned costs of measures to counter the threat of HIV/AIDS must be based on requirements, allocation and results achieved. Systemic approach to planning requires an analysis of interrelation between costs, requirements and results. The absence of a systemic approach to coordination of costs and requirements leads to inefficient use of resources.

A system of generalized and specific indices characterizing factors of regional environmental and socio-economic development was established. Official statistical data were analyzed for the development of the regional-differentiation system of indices. The data included characteristics of pollution and environmental protection, prevalence of socially significant diseases in the region, the level of economic and demographic potential of the regions. To evaluate and select the most informative relative characteristics describing the differentiation of regional potentials we took into account the matter of the characteristics, their variation and interdependence. The most informative characteristics were used for extracting latent factors explaining regional differentiation. The factors of industrial resources, social deprivation, HIV prevalence and drug addiction were obtained. A system of indices lets classify and rank regions in order to work out federal and regional development programs.