Given the scientific substantiation of the author's interpretation of the category "employment potential". The problem of efficient use of labor potential is considered in the context of economic growth and social orientation of the economy. Peculiarities of reproduction, the level and quality of life of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The basic trends in the use of labor potential of Bashkortostan. On the basis of economic and mathematical modeling method is proposed for calculating the integral indicator of the efficiency of use of labor potential.